Resiliency and Adolescents at Risk:
Reconceptualizing Schools As Communities
Characteristics of a School
Focused on Valuing Participation

Marty Krovetz, Ph.D.
Department of Educational Leadership
San Jose State University

~ Module 14, Session 6~
Activity 2

Discuss with your small group.

1. What would a school look like whose culture is centered on valuing participation throughout the school community?

2. What would curriculum, instruction and assessment look like in such a school?

3. How would teacher and administrator roles change in such a school?

Generate a list for each question, agree on the five critical things one should see or hear in such a school for each question, and draw a graphic representing such a school.

Which of the descriptors that you and your small group came up with are characteristic of the school you work in? Looking at the lists presented by the instructor below, which of these descriptors are characteristic of your school? What does this say about your school?

  • Students are working in the library, computer lab, laboratories, and hallways, individually and collaboratively with peers.
  • Students are engaged in required helpfulness:
  • Older students are seen working with younger students;
  • Students are engaged with peers as peer helpers, conflict resolvers and tutors;
  • Students spend time each week in service learning projects on and off campus.
  • Class meetings and school-wide forums are held regularly to gather student input regarding meaningful school issues. These meetings are often facilitated by students.
  • An effort is being made to include all student groups in the daily life of the school; students are not seen on the fringes of the school campus, alienated and voicing displeasure with the school, staff and peers.
  • A large percentage of the students participate in and lead a wide range of school activities.
  • Signs on campus encourage students to join activities and do not indicate hurdles to complete; the words “students must” do not appear on school postings.
  • Time is provided at least weekly for teachers to work together on curriculum, instruction and assessment.
  • Most students, faculty and staff are known and welcomed by name, and many parents and community members are known and welcomed by name.
  • Drug, alcohol, smoking, fighting infractions are statistically small and show an annual decrease.

What would curriculum, instruction and assessment be like in a school that is designed to foster meaningful participation by all students?

Curriculum

  • Curriculum is project-based, set around complex issues, some of which relate to school and community issues.
  • Students have choices in the specifics of what they investigate, how they do the investigation, and how they demonstrate what they have learned.
  • Service learning is a part of every student’s academic program.

Instruction

  • Teachers ask students questions that require students to do critical, reflective thinking.
  • Teachers spend much of their time coaching students, and students spend much of their time working individually and in small groups.
  • Students are usually not sitting in desks in rows.
  • Students are not seen sitting unengaged in the back of classrooms.
  • School resources are readily available; computers and resource materials are easy for students to access.

Student Assessment

  • Students exhibit and reflect on what they have learned.
  • Standards for quality work are well known, and often designed with student input.
  • Teachers use student work to guide classroom and school practices.

How would teacher and administrator roles change in such a school?

  • Principals, teachers, students, parents, community members and classified staff, are engaged in school-wide decision making around issues of substance, including establishing school priorities, budgeting to support those priorities, and hiring of personnel.
  • Norms for decision-making, consensus-building, and conflict resolution are mutually agreed upon, followed, and regularly reassessed.
  • Meetings focus on meaningful input and decision-making rather than information giving; agendas are posted with opportunities for agenda input; relevant information is provided ahead of meetings; participants are at meetings on time; meetings start on time and end on time.
  • Divergent thinking is encouraged and heard in formal meetings and in informal conversations.
  • Put downs, side conversations and comments that indicate exclusion are not heard in or out of meetings.
  • Mistakes are celebrated as learning experiences, and responsibility for mistakes are shared without blame.
  • Teachers work collegially, sharing curriculum and instructional strategies, talking about students and student work, coaching each other to be more effective. Time and resources are provided to support this.
  • Teachers talk freely about feeling valued by administrators, parents and students as participants in the whole school community.
  • Administrators, faculty, classified staff, students, and parents seem to enjoy being together; across roles, people seek each other out, talk together, laugh together.
  • Faculty and staff are not seen brooding in the faculty room or in the parking lot.
  • Students are given classroom and school-wide responsibilities of increasing importance with age.

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